DEFINITION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SPLEEN

Welcome to the Science Lovers, a simple blog to share knowledge with full sincerity. This time we will share knowledge about the definitio...

Welcome to the Science Lovers, a simple blog to share knowledge with full sincerity. This time we will share knowledge about the definition, structure and function of the spleen. Hopefully, the knowledge can be beneficial.

A. DEFINITIONS SPLEEN 

The spleen also called Lien or Spleen, is one of the organs of the lymphatic tissue with a soft mass which is located in the upper left abdominal cavity (abdominal cavity), between the diaphragm and gastric (stomach). The spleen is without duct glands (ductless), serves to break down and megurai red blood cells (blood filters) as well as play a role in the human immune system. The spleen is one of the organs of the lymphoid system, in addition to the thymus, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Lymphoid system itself serves to protect the body from damage caused by foreign substances. Cells in the system is known by immunocompetent cells are cells capable of differentiating cells of the body to foreign substances and vandalized foreign objects. Immunocompetent cells comprising:

1. The main cell moves, namely lymphocytes and macrophages, and

2. The main cells settle, the reticuloendothelial and plasma cells.

The spleen has a reddish color, and is a largest lymphoid mass in the body. Spleen elliptical and size of a human fist. The spleen has many functions for the body, but the spleen is not a vital organ for the body, the spleen is not so significant for the survival of man (man is still able to survive without a spleen).

B. FUNCTION SPLEEN

- Spleen function is closely linked to the immune system as well as a blood filter. In general, serves to accumulate spleen lymphocytes and macrophages, degradation of erythrocytes, the blood reserves, and as an organ of defense against infection foreign particles that enter the blood.

- In the spleen there is "Spleen phagocytosis" (spleen phagocytes) that serves as a destroyer of erythrocytes (red blood cells) that is old. Every day, the spleen will dispose of 20 ml of red blood cells that are old. Besides iru cells that are already bound to the Ig G on the surface will be removed by monocytes. Spleen also will dispose of abnormal white blood cells, platelets and cell debris.

- Freeing hemoglobin in erythrocytes, which will be converted by the liver into bilirubin.

- "Spleen phagocytosis" (spleen phagocytes) also serves as a producer of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lymphocytes are generated also will be stored and produce antibodies that help the immune system.

- The spleen also serves as a backup Depositary red blood cells, and release it when the bleeding. Therefore, spleen also serves as a blood control system to keep it running properly in the blood vessels.

- The new erythrocytes formed during fetal life (in utero) and newborns.

- Destroys leukocytes and platelets

- Produce antibodies as reticulo-endothelial system (lymphocytes-B formed in the bone marrow as antibodies, whereas T lymphocytes formed in the lymph nodes and spleen were also on the program as antibodies against specific antigens). The spleen also filters the blood in the same way as a node that filters lymph, B cells and T cells that migrate from the red bone marrow and thymus which have matured in the spleen (There are 3 types of T cells are amazing, it is a memory T cells that can recognize pathogens that have entered the body before. and it can deal with them more quickly, the other so-called helper T cells and cytotoxic) which carry out immune functions, whereas splenic macrophage cells destroy blood cells of pathogens carried by phagocytosis.

- Transporting excess water from the tissues to the blood (regulate fluids and food processing). Interestial fluid that bathes the tissues continuously taken by capillary lymphatic capillaries called lymph. Lymph flow through the vascular system are eventually returned to the circulatory system. It starts at the extremities of the capillary lymphatic system that is designed to absorb the fluid in the tissues which are then carried through the lymphatic system that moves from the capillaries to the lymphatic (lymph vessels) and then to the lymph nodes. Lymph is filtered through bumps and out of the lymphatic efferent. From there the lymph passes through the lymphatic trunk and ultimately into lymphatic channels. At this point the lymph is passed back into the blood stream where this journey begins again.

- Spleen extract nutrients from food and transport it to other parts of the body including muscles, ensure the strength and development of muscles and limbs.

- Production opsonin - tufsin and properdin. Tufsin promote phagocytosis. Properdin initiate activation of the complement to destruction of bacteria and foreign bodies trapped in the spleen.

C. STRUCTURE AND THE SPLEEN

 Spleen has an oval shape, with a length of approximately 12 cm (5 inches), a width of 7 cm and 4 cm tall, and weighs about 150 g. Spleen normally can not be in touch except when there is enlargement of the spleen (spleenomegali). Anatomically, the edge of a normal spleen shaped flat. The spleen is located intraperitoneal (the peritoneum), at the upper left abdominal cavity. The position of the spleen is dependent on respiration (breathing), because it is very close to the diaphragm.

The spleen is located below the diaphragm and in the postero-lateral (rear side) of the stomach. Convex part of the spleen bordering the diaphragm (facies diaphragmatica), while the part facing the viscera konkafnya abdominis (facies visceralis).

The spleen is surrounded by a capsule of soft tissue and muscle fibroelastic. The capsule is covered by a Serous Membrane peritoneum. Extension of the capsule into the parenchyma of the spleen called the trabecular. Trabecular containing arteries, veins, nerves and lymph vessels.

1. The relationship with other organs of the spleen:

- To anterior (front): Gaster (stomach), cauda pancreas, and flexura coli sinistra.

- To Posterior (back): The diaphragm, the left pleura (recess costodiaphragmaticus), the left pulmonary, and costae IX, X, and XI.

2. Spleen parenchyma
Spleen parenchyma consists of two types of tissue called white pulp and red pulp. Red pulp consists of venous sinuses containing blood and tissue corda of limpayang called splenic cords or Billroth's cords. The red pulp is dark red in pieces of fresh spleen. Veins are intimately associated with the red pulp.

While the white pulp is a composed of lymphoid tissue, commonly known pariarteriolar limphoid sheats (PALS) and surrounded arteries. Clusters of lymphocytes surrounding the splenic artery nodules or Malpighian corpus. White pulp dispersed in the red pulp, white oval shaped and gray (white nodules disseminated).

3. Circulatory lymph
Splenicum hilum is where the entry and exit of blood vessels in the spleen. Spleen diperdarahi by some arteries and veins.

- Arteries in the spleen: the renal artery is a major artery and is the largest branching trunk coeliacus. This arterial road winding along the superior border of the pancreas. Splenic artery is then branched into six arteries entering the hilum of the spleen through splenicum.

- Veins in the spleen: splenic vein, walked out through the hilum and walk behind collum pancreatic, splenic vein join to form the superior vena mesentrica hepatic portal vein.

4. The flow of lymph and spleen innervation
Lymph vessels are also out of the spleen hilum-ICUM and walk through some lymph nodes are located along the splenic artery and then empties into Nodi coeliaci. Medium-nerves of the spleen also run following the splenic artery and comes from coeliacus plexus.

Now that's a discussion about SPLEEN this time, I hope can be helpful for all friends. If there are not understood please ask your friends via the comments box below. We will try to respond quickly and appropriately. Thank you for visiting softimu, do not forget to like, follow, and commentary yes