DISTRIBUTION OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN THE WORLD
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accordance with the article title, this time we will discuss about the
Distribution of flora and fauna in the World. May be beneficial
A. SPREAD
FLORA IN THE WORLD
Flora that live on
land are highly variable and are located from the Equator to the polar regions.
In general, flora that live on land can be classified on Forests, Grasslands,
steppes and deserts.
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| image source : speciesplantarum.net |
1. Forest Biomes
Tropical Rain Forests: Characteristics
namely: high trees and dense, highly variable species (heterogeneous). Most of
the world's species of flora found in this type of forest are estimated to
reach more than 3000 species. At this forest there are the types of plants that
stick flora like orchids, rattan, fungi, and algae. The existence of this plant
indicates the humidity is very high. Examples include forests in Indonesia
(Sumatra, Java, Borneo, New Guinea), Brazil (Amazon), India, Central America (Florida)
and the Caribbean.
Forests Season: there are in an area that
has a dry season and the rainy season. Characteristics, namely the death of
leaves in the dry season. In contrast to the tropical rain forest trees were so
dense that sunlight is difficult to get to the ground, then the monsoon forest
trees were fewer, not too high and the number of species is not so much, so the
sun is easy to get to the ground. These forests are in India, and Southeast
Asia, including Indonesia (East Java, Sulawesi, Southern Nusa).
Regional forest Medium Season: there is in
the area of climate that has four seasons, summer, cold / snow, fall, and
spring. The vegetation in the forest is generally in the form of woody plants
that have broad leaves, roots deep and rough skin.
Rain Forest Region Medium: found in coastal
areas in the Northern and Southern hemisphere, and tropical highland regions.
Characteristics are: green leaves, less dense and species not much. The tree is
not so high and its leaves are smaller and there are not many bushes. The
vegetation is typical in this forest include ferns, palms and bamboo. These
forests are in the United States and the European continental climates
(continental).
Loss of forest area is Medium: there are in
the region that has a cold climate (Winter) and climate (Summer), namely in
North America and Western Europe. The vegetation found in this region are tall
trees such as spruce and pine and small trees.
Leafy forest Needle (Conifer): there are in
an area of moderate to cold climates such as northern Canada, Siberia and the
high mountains of tropical regions. It plant include pine, fir and redwood which is the largest tree in the
world, located in California. This tree reaches a height of more than 75 m.
Woody Hard forest: there is in the area of
Mediterranean climate (climate found in the Mediterranean region or the
Mediterranean region). Characteristics that the leaves are green, the tree is
not too high but woody and leafy hard. Examples oak or olive.
Taiga forest: there in the cold climate in
the northern hemisphere and in the high mountains. Most tree species are the
types of leafy pine and resistant to cold temperatures.
2. Savanna Biome
Savanna is an area of vegetation in tropical
or subtropical regions consisting of trees grown with rare and interspersed
with shrubs and grasses. Savanna found in Australia, Brazil, Venezuela, and Indonesia. Savanna is usually a transition area between the
forest and grasslands.
3. Grassland Biome
Grassland a vast meadow with trees interspersed with shrubs, stretching from
the tropics to temperate regions where rainfall is irregular and difficult to
get water. There are among others in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, the United
States, and North Africa.
4. Tundra
Tundra, is a dwarf
grass that is resistant to extremely cold temperatures, are in areas adjacent
to the poles where the temperature is very cold as in northern Russia, northern
Canada, Norway, and Finland. Examples are mosses. After the ice melts the
frozen tundra plants can live again. Tundra regions may experience night or
during very long until many months.
5. Desert
The desert is a
difficult place for plants to grow. because it is very hot during the day and
very cold at night and the lack of water. Rain about once a year so the plant
species that live there are plant species that are resistant to drought like a
cactus and barbed several types of grass. Sahara Desert in Africa is the
largest desert in the world. Others are in Peru (the Atacama Desert), the Gobi
Desert that stretches through China and Mongolia.
B. SPREAD FAUNA IN THE WORLD
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| DISTRIBUTION OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN THE WORLD |
The pattern of distribution of fauna in the world voyage
is divided into eight areas, namely:
1. Fauna Paleartik
Spreading area covers an area of Siberia, Russia, most
of continental Europe, the area around the Mediterranean Sea to Africa, China,
and Asia. Fauna species belonging to this group are the dogs, wolves, rats,
rabbits, panda.
2. Fauna Neartik
Spreading region covering North America to Mexico. Among
other types of fauna horned antelope branches, marsupial mice, turkey, various
types of species of birds, dogs, rabbits, snakes, turtles, and squirrels.
3. Fauna Neotropics
Spreading area includes South America, Central America,
southern Mexico, western India. This is the kind of fauna armadillo, piranhas,
electric eels, llamas, crocodiles, lizards, and various monkeys.
4. Fauna Ethiopia
Spreading region covering Africa, the southern part of
the Arabian Peninsula, and Madagascar. Ethiopia fauna species are hippos,
gorillas, chimpanzees, camels, teringgiling, zebras, cheetahs, and lions.
5. Fauna Oriental
Spreading area includes South Asia, Southeast Asia,
including Indonesia. This is the kind of fauna rhinoceros, elephant, orangutan,
gibbon, buffalo, various types of birds, fish, reptiles, insects.
6. Fauna Australia
Spreading area includes Papua and nearby islands.
Fauna of this kind are kangaroo, platypus, possum, koala, wallaby, paradise.
7. Fauna Oceania
Spreading area includes New Zealand, and the small
islands around it. The fauna species include kiwi and Sphenodon.
8. Fauna Antarctic
Spreading region covering Antarctica and islands in the
vicinity. Among other fauna species of penguins and seals.
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