DEFINITIONS OF GEOGRAPHY
Before you read any further understanding
of geography would be a good idea to prepare stationery to keep track of things
that you think are important and should be noted.
Definitions of geography as a science who studies the earth's surface has been around since geography
grow as a science. Geographical definition which limits the study of geography
has been raised by some geographers:
1. According to Ferdinand von Richthofen
Geography as a science studying the phenomenon and properties of the
surface of the earth and its inhabitants, as well as explain the causal
relationship or are symptoms and traits simultaneously.
2. According to Sidney E. Ekhblaw and
Donald J. D Mulkurne
Geography is the study of the earth and the life that affect the way we
live, the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the houses we bangaun and
activities that we enjoy.
3. According to Vernor E. Finch and Glenn
t. Trewartha
Geography is a description and explanation of the earth's surface
analyzes and views on the ever-changing and dynamic, not static and fixed.
4. According to Otis W. Freeman and John
W. Morris
Geography is a dynamic objects so that there are events every day show
how the incident occurred and the human relationships that are influenced by
factors of geography.
5. According to George T. Renner and E. W
Miller
Geography has a great share to understand the problems of today's modern
global. One utamnya goal is to show awareness of the human relationship with
the environment. Geography also gives an understanding of the differences
between the regions and other areas.
6. According to Halim Khan
Geography is what an expert in geography. Natural and social environment
is an area of remedy do kegiaan, describe, analyze and enjoy human upheaval
in the earth for survival.
7. According to J. W. Alexander
Geography is the study of the earth's surface spatial keberanekaragaman.
8. According to Ullman
Geography is the interaction between space.
9. According Bintarto
Geography is the science of imaging, describes the nature of the earth,
to analyze the phenomena of nature and the shape and style of a typical learn
about livelihood, and trying to find the function of elements in space and
time.
10. According to the results of the
seminar and workshop in Semarang Geography 1988
Geography is the knowledge of the similarities and differences and
kehiduapn natural phenomena on earth (geosphere symptoms) as well as the
interaction anatara humans and the environment in the context of spatial and
territorial.
11. According to the Competency Based
Curriculum Development Team 2001
Geography is the science learn about natural phenomena and
kehidupann on earth as well as the interaction anara manjusi and lingkunnya in
connection with the relationship / spatial and territorial arrangement.
Supporting
science scope and Geography
The scope of the definition of
geography Geography is based on the results of Semarang 1988 agreement, the
scope of geography can dirincinakn as follows:
a. Awareness Symptoms of Nature and Life
on Earth (symptoms Geosphere), meaning that geography will examine or study the
various factors, as well as searching for and finding answers to why and how
the symptoms of the geosphere.
b. Interaction between Humans and the
Environment, the point man in order to meet their needs, both primary and
secondary needs definitely take advantage of the natural environment. Therefore
man required to be wise so that the preservation of the natural carrying
capacity is maintained as well as possible.
c. In the context Kerunagan and
Territorial, that in reviewing or studying the symptoms of the geosphere and
human interaction with the environment is preferred distribution geosphere
symptoms in an area or space and human interaction with the environment.
Broadly speaking, the geography is divided into two parts:
a. Physical geography is part of the
science of geography that studies the natural events that occur in the Earth's
surface, both on land, sea and air together with the force that causes the
occurrence of such events.
b. Social geography is part of the
science of geography that studies the relationship and interplay between population and natural conditions, as
well as the activities of human effort in adjusting to the natural conditions
for the prosperity and welfare of his life.
Supporting science Geography
Because its scope is broad, science
geogarafi require supporting science. Supporting science geography include the
following:
a. Geology is a science that was studying
the Earth as a whole, the origin of events, structure, composition and history.
b. Geomorphology is the study of the
forms pernmukaan earth and all the processes that produce the bnetuk-shape.
c. Oceanography is the study of the
oceans, water, and gerakanny, tide, current depth, tepmperatur, salinity, and
its economic value.
d. Hydrology is the study of water on the
surface and in the subsurface, including rivers, lakes, springs and marshes.
e. Meteorology is the study of the
atmosphere, air, weather, temperature, wind, keawanan, flow and solar
radiation.
f. Climatology is the study of the
average weather conditions.
g. Who was studying biology is the
science of living things.
h. Botany is the study of plants, where
tau in the regions where these plants can thrive and How can spreading.
i. Zoology is the study of the animal
world, with regard to where or in areas where the animals live, how it is
spread and what the animals because the animals are moved.
j. Demography is the science gathering,
investigating records and population statistics to know the everything
berhubungandengan development, density, birth, kemataian, migration and
population distribution.
k. Ecology is the branch of biology that
studies the relationship between organisms and the advance of organismu and the
environment.
l. Economics is the study of human
efforts to meet their needs in achieving prosperity.
m. Sociology is the science of human
social life, namely the relationship between a person with a, with a group of
individuals and groups with the group. With judgments said science was studying
human life in society.
n.
Anthropology is the study of human and culture.
Object of study Geography
Every science can be studied from two
objects, namely the material object and formal object.
1. Object Material
Material object is the target or the contents of the study. Adalh
geographic target material object or content of geography studies. Based on the
results seminta definition and geography workshop in Semarang in 1988, the
object of study of geography is the geosphere phenomenon. Therefore, the study
geogarafi outside. If specified, the object of study geogarafi are as follows:
a. The atmosphere is the air surrounding
the earth yanhg
b. The lithosphere is Kulti earth or the
earth's crust.
c. Pedosphere is a layer of soil on
earth.
d. Hydrosphere is water on earth.
e. Biosphere is life on earth both flora
and fauna.
f. Anthroposphere are humans on earth.
2. Object Formal
Formal object is a method or approach use in assessing a problem.
Each science has a formal object that is different from other sciences.
Misalanya, geography has a material object (hanan study) geosphere phenomenon
similar to other sciences. However, geogarafi menmjadi separate science because
it has a formal object (approach or method) that is different from the others.
Simply put, geography answer frequently
asked questions man in order to face a phenomenon, issues, events, or how to
act. Frequently asked questions humans include:
a. What (what)
b. Where (where)
c. How (How much / many)
d. Why (why)
e. How (how)
f. When (when)
g. Who (who)
