DEFINITION, FUNCTION, AND KINDS SATELLITE

DEFINITION, FUNCTION, AND KINDS SATELLITE

Welcome to the science lovers, science blog to share it with sincerity. This time we will share knowledge about satellites, some of the main points that will be discussed is the Definition Satellite, Satellite Type, Functions Satellite, Satellite and How it Works. May be useful.

A. DEFINITION SATELLITE

A satellite is an object that orbits another object with a certain rotation and revolution. Meanwhile, in a large dictionary Indonesian, was the star of a planetary satellites that encircle the larger planetary star, for example, in which encircle the earth. Satellites can circumnavigate the planet because the planet's gravity.

B. TYPE AND FUNCTION OF SATELLITE

1. Natural Satellites

Natural satellite is one of the space objects that already exist (not manmade) orbiting a planet. The Earth's natural satellite is the moon. During around the earth, the moon had three motions at once, namely rotation, revolution moon around the earth and the moon's revolution around the sun.

Rotation is the rotation movement moon on its axis, the moon's rotation period is one month (29hari), while the circulation of the revolution is a movement moon around the earth. As a result, when viewed from the Earth, moon shape will change, this is called the phase of the moon. In one revolution, the month experienced several phases of which the new moon - crescent - a month and a half - month slouch - full moon - month slouch - a month and a half - crescent - the new moon.

In addition to rotating and evolved, along with the earth's moon also orbits the sun. The time required for the moon around the sun equals the time it takes the earth to orbit the sun, which is one year. Moon around the sun once a year, while around the Earth 12 times a year, so it is often used as a calendar month revolution AD / Hijra.

The function of a natural satellite (moon) of which is

•     Indirectly protecting the planet orbited of lacing other celestial bodies such as comets and asteroids
•     Can controlling rotational speed of a planet because of the effect of gravitational tidal wave
•     Balancing the rotation cycle of sea water resulting tide
•     Reduce the effects caused by ultraviolet radiation
•     Provide illumination at night
• Examples of other natural satellites of which is Callisto, Ganymede, and Io orbiting Jupiter planet, as well as Titan orbits Saturn.

2. Artificial Satellites

Artificial satellite is one of the man-made space objects orbiting a planet in the manufacture of certain types and functions for the purpose of human interests. Here are the types of satellites based on function,

•     Satellite navigation, serves to aviation and shipping. This satellite will provide information about the position of aircraft and ships that were on their way.
•     Satellite geodesy, mapping function to obtain information about the earth and gravity.
•     Satellite communication function for communication such as radio, television, and telephone.
•     Meteorological satellites, is used to investigate the Earth's atmosphere in order to forecast the weather.
•     Satellite research, serves to investigate the solar system and the universe more freely without being affected by the atmosphere. These satellites are trying to get data about the sun and other stars to unravel the secrets of the universe.
•     Military satellite, serves to the interests of the military of a country, for example staking opponent's firepower.
•     Satellite survey of natural resources, serves to map and investigate the earth's natural resources for the benefit of mining, agriculture, fisheries and others

3. Based on the altitude orbit, the satellite can be divided into three kinds, including

    LEO satellites (Low of Earth Orbit) satellites striped circulation is low, between 500 km and 10,000 km from the earth's surface. The satellite revolution period is 2 to 6 hours. Examples of these satellites are Iridium, Global Star, Elipsat, Odessey, and Constellation

    Satellite MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) satellites underlined that some of them secondary circulation of 10,000 km to 20,000 km. The satellite revolution period between 6 to 12 hours.

    GEO satellites (Global Earth Geostatinonary) that satellites are in geostationary orbit is 36,000 km from the earth's surface. Stationary orbit is an orbit that cause the satellite reovolusi same time with the rotation of the earth, that one day. Examples of these satellites are satellites and Intelsat palapa.

 C. HOW THE SATELLITE

Satellites orbiting the Earth in its orbit will be controlled by the Master Control Station at the earth station. Satellite control which are tens of thousands of kilometers of the Earth using an automated system based on two control systems, namely Spin Stabillized Satellite and Three axiz Body Stabillized.

Spin Stabillized Satellite is a satellite control method by means of a satellite moving in a rotating body to get to a particular position desired. Satellites in theory be silent at his position in orbit, in reality would be shifted from the actual orbit.

Three axiz Body Stabillized is controlling the satellite position based koordinal axes X, Y, and Z of the third axis will be mapped into a position of pitch, roll and yaw.

Satellite work is divided into two, namely how uplink and downlink. Upulink is a transmission sent from planet Earth to the satellite, while the downlink is the transmission from the satellite to the earth station.

Basically, satellit communications and how it works is useful as a repeater in the sky, the satellites also use transponders, which is a tool that enables two-way communication.

Generally, satellite communications using the begit many transponders. Another thing important role in satellite communications network is a satellite antenna, since it serves as the receiving object transitions in every region of the world. While a satellite spancing (global positioning satellite) Adar used to transmit more easily based on its territory. Power systems digunkakan by the satellite is obtained from sunlight is converted into electricity which use the form of solar cells (solar cells)

Spacecraft which are long in the sky money generating power with solar energy. Aircraft obtain solar energy by using a large wing-like structures called solar panels, each solar panel is composed of many smaller cell tnaga solar cell generates electricity when exposed to light. The cells are made of a material called silicon. The solar panels will only work if when facing toward the sun, and the satellite is equipped with sensors that look for the light. Motor drive the panels are exposed to sunlight. Satellites are also equipped with a power source that lasted 12 years which is fuel that can operate.

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